Satellite tracking in avian conservation: applications and results from Asia

Using satellite tracking, we have followed the movements of large wetland birds in Asia for more than 10 years. We have investigated the migration patterns of more than 10 species of birds, focusing on, but not limited to, cranes (Gruidae) and storks (Ciconiidae). To relay bird locations, we employed platform transmitter terminals in combination with ARGOS satellites. Location data were then utilized in a variety of applications, from determining migration routes, stopover patterns and wintering sites, through more advanced analyses including using various data overlays to examine habitat use, occupation of nature reserves, differential migration patterns between adults and juvenile birds, climatological effects on migration and the connectivity and network structure of migration pathways. Through this work, we have identified numerous important sites for migratory birds, especially cranes and storks. These include Bohai Bay and the Yellow River delta (China), the Korean Demilitarized Zone, Lake Khanka (Russia/China), and Poyang Lake, the Qiqihar Baicheng area, the Three Rivers Plain and Yangcheng Nature Reserve (all in China). We have also developed recommendations for spatial improvements to nature reserves, discovered different migration strategies in juvenile and adult birds, and a possible migration trigger involving temperature. We emphasize the importance of continued empirical research and development of analytical methodologies involving satellite location data. Further, we advocate the protection of habitats used by Gruidae and Ciconiidae over their entire migra-